Research: Definition and concept of research, Objectives of research, Importance of research. Types of Research- Descriptive vs Analytical, Applied vs Fundamental, Quantitative vs Qualitative, Conceptual vs Empirical, Historical, Longitudinal Research.
Research Approaches, Research Process.

Research Design: Meaning, Need and Characteristics of a good research design. Types of Research Design, Identification of a Research problem. Selection of a Research problem.
Hypothesis: Purpose, Characteristics, Types and criteria of hypothesis, Process of Hypothesis Testing.
Variables: Meaning and Concept, Types of variables.

Data gathering instruments: Collection of Data, Primary and Secondary Data, Methods of collecting data, Sources of Secondary Data.
Scaling Techniques: Meaning and Purpose of scaling techniques, Types of scales- Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio scales.

Sampling- Meaning of Census and Sample. Characteristics of a good Sample, Need for Sample, Methods of Sampling-
Random Sampling Methods- Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Sampling, Systematic Sampling and Multi-stage Sampling
Non-Random Sampling- Judgment or Purposive Sampling, Convenience Sampling, Cluster Sampling and Sequential Sampling.
Sampling Theory- Parameter and Statistic,
Sampling Distribution of a Statistic and Standard Error of a Statistic
Test of Significance (Large Sample)- Sample Mean, Difference between two Sample Means, Difference between two Standard Deviations, Sample Proportion and Difference between two Sample Proportions.
Application of Student’s t- test for Mean, Difference Between two Means (Independent and Paired t-test for Difference of Means).

Chi-square test & Analysis of Variance- One-way and two-way classification.
Interpretation and Report Writing:
Meaning and Techniques of Interpretation, Precautions in Interpretation, Significance of Report writing, Types of reports Process of report writing